Euclid 2016年真题

1. (a) What is the average of the integers 5, 15, 25, 35, 45, 55?

(b) If x2 = 2016, what is the value of (x + 2)(x - 2)?

(c) In the diagram, points P(7, 5), Q(a, 2a),

and R(12, 30) lie on a straight line. Determine

the value of a.

2. (a) What are all values of n for which ?

(b) What are all values of x for which (x - 3)(x - 2) = 6 ?

(c) At Willard’s Grocery Store, the cost of 2 apples is the same as the cost of 3 bananas. Ross buys 6 apples and 12 bananas for a total cost of $6.30. Determine the cost of 1 apple. 

3. (a) In the diagram, point B is on AC, point F is on DB, and point G is on EB.

What is the value of p + q + r + s + t + u?

(b) Let n be the integer equal to 1020 - 20. What is the sum of the digits of n?

(c) A parabola intersects the x-axis at P(2, 0) and Q(8, 0). The vertex of the parabola is at V , which is below the x-axis. If the area of △VPQ is 12, determine the coordinates of V .

4. (a) Determine all angles θ with 0° ≤ θ ≤ 180° and sin2 θ + 2 cos2 θ =  .

(b) The sum of the radii of two circles is 10 cm. The circumference of the larger circle is 3 cm greater than the circumference of the smaller circle. Determine the difference between the area of the larger circle and the area of the smaller circle.

5. (a) Charlotte’s Convenience Centre buys a calculator for $p (where p > 0), raises its price by n%, then reduces this new price by 20%. If the final price is 20% higher than $p, what is the value of n?

(b) A function f is defined so that if n is an odd integer, then f(n) = n - 1 and if n is an even integer, then f(n) = n2 - 1. For example, if n = 15, then f(n) = 14 and if n = - 6, then f(n) = 35, since 15 is an odd integer and -6 is an even integer.

Determine all integers n for which f(f(n)) = 3.

6. (a) What is the smallest positive integer x for which  for some positive integer y?

(b) Determine all possible values for the area of a right-angled triangle with one side length equal to 60 and with the property that its side lengths form an arithmetic sequence.

(An arithmetic sequence is a sequence in which each term after the first is obtained from the previous term by adding a constant. For example, 3, 5, 7, 9 are the first four terms of an arithmetic sequence.) 

 

7. (a) Amrita and Zhang cross a lake in a straight line with the help of a one-seat kayak. Each can paddle the kayak at 7 km/h and swim at 2 km/h. They start from the same point at the same time with Amrita paddling and Zhang swimming. After a

while, Amrita stops the kayak and immediately starts swimming. Upon reaching the kayak (which has not moved since Amrita started swimming), Zhang gets in and immediately starts paddling. They arrive on the far side of the lake at the same time, 90 minutes after they began. Determine the amount of time during these 90 minutes that the kayak was not being paddled.

(b) Determine all pairs (x, y) of real numbers that satisfy the system of equations

8.       (a) In the diagram, ABCD is a

parallelogram. Point E is on DC with

AE perpendicular to DC, and point F is

on CB with AF perpendicular to CB. If

AE = 20, AF = 32, and cos(∠EAF) = , determine the exact value of the area of quadrilateral AECF.

(b) Determine all real numbers x > 0 for which

9. (a) The string AAABBBAABB is a string of ten letters, each of which is A or B, that does not include the consecutive letters ABBA.

The string AAABBAAABB is a string of ten letters, each of which is A or B, that does include the consecutive letters ABBA.

Determine, with justification, the total number of strings of ten letters, each of which is A or B, that do not include the consecutive letters ABBA.

(b) In the diagram, ABCD is a square.

Points E and F are chosen on AC so

that ∠EDF = 45◦ . If AE = x, EF = y,

and F C = z, prove that y2 = x2 + z2.

10. Let k be a positive integer with k ≥ 2. Two bags each contain k balls, labelled with the positive integers from 1 to k. André removes one ball from each bag. (In each

bag, each ball is equally likely to be chosen.) Define P(k) to be the probability that the product of the numbers on the two balls that he chooses is divisible by k.

(a) Calculate P(10).

(b) Determine, with justifification, a polynomial f(n) for which

•   for all positive integers n with n ≥ 2, and

• for infinitely many positive integers n with n ≥ 2.

(A polynomial f(x) is an algebraic expression of the form

f(x) = amxm + am - 1 xm - 1 + · · · + a1x + a0 for some integer m ≥ 0 and for some real numbers am, am - 1, . . . , a1, a0.)

(c) Prove there exists a positive integer m for which P(m) >  .